Hematopoietic hierarchy schemes - scientific masturbation or flow of progress?
- Alexey
from Bookmarklet
I'll admit I'm somewhat biased given that I worked in an offshoot of Weissman's lab (and I consider him to be the expert of all things HSC-related), but it strikes me that these models present some relatively testable hypotheses: do CMPs exist? do GMPs derive themselves from CMP? do MkEP's differentiate directly from ST-HSC's?
- Benjamin Tseng
@ Benj - there are many studies confirmed existence of progenitors (CMP, CLP, MEP...), not only from Weissman group, their relationships and hierarchy is not very clear and under discussion. That's why many labs - mane protocols - many schemes. I have no doubts in Weissman's expertise. He actually accept some alternatives in the canonical scheme, showed for example in his recent review...
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- Alexey
How can you not dig a paper that discusses URI structure
- Deepak Singh
The paper was mostly written an year ago, and given that the powers that be might let the paper languish for another year or so before getting it published, making it available as a pre-print seemed like a good idea. Vote for it now :-)
- Eric Jain
Seems as if a lot of science database sites could benefit from this type of in-depth review of users' search behavior and expectations.
- Hilary
No luck getting this paper published in GenomeBiology ("we rarely publish new databases, or updates to databases, and do so only in exceptional circumstances" == enough buzzwords and famous names on the paper). Suggestions?
- Eric Jain
bmc bioinformatics tends not to do database articles (the journal is focused on the informatics rather than the bio -- generally the target audience for databases are genomicists, structural biologists, etc, rather than bioinformaticians), but in this case it looks like you're describing the software and usage rather than the dataset, so i guess the primary audience in this case is bioinformaticians...
- Joe Dunckley
Also, NAR has a specifically database issue.
- Paul J. Davis
"“R is a real demonstration of the power of collaboration, and I don’t think you could construct something like this any other way,” Mr. Ihaka said. “We could have chosen to be commercial, and we would have sold five copies of the software.”"
- Ricardo Vidal
from Bookmarklet
'[Anne H. Milley, director of technology product marketing at SAS] adds, “We have customers who build engines for aircraft. I am happy they are not using freeware when I get on a jet.” ' WTF!?!
- Chris Cotsapas
makes you wonder why SAS even bothers making a Linux version if they're so paranoid about open source...
- Daniel Swan
Well, she's a marketing person, and although SAS is a technology company, they market to executives, not technologists. So I didn't find that rather stupid statement particularly surprising.
- Michael R. Bernstein
"We discuss One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) in my senior engineering class on technology and society (STS 401). At the end of the semester, after discussing technologies as being shaped historically by their political, cultural, economic, and environmental contexts, the students do an analysis of OLPC. To Negroponte and the OLPC Foundation, the above issues were all "snags" that came about along the way. They are all, that is, unanticipated consequences. The premise for my students in their analysis was that while the above "snags" might not have been straightforwardly predictable, they were more properly anticipatable consequences."
- Bora Zivkovic
The establishment of open access literature makes it possible for knowledge to be extracted from scholarly articles and included in other resources. BioLit aims to extract database identifiers and rich meta-data from open access articles in the life sciences and integrate that information with existing biological databases. We have begun prototyping this effort using a clone of the RCSB Protein Data Bank, a database of macromolecular structures.
- Jim Hardy
from Bookmarklet
The genome sequence itself is reported in Nature this week (20 Nov) and is free access (creative commons licence). There are some related features in the same issue, including a nice news feature "how to build a mammoth", free access for one month from publication date.
- Maxine
MUJI has a couple of 'create your own' mammoths from pressed out cardboard (small (~£4) and large (~£9) sizes), which I think my dad might like for Christmas. http://www.muji.eu/pages...
- Jo Brodie
Sounds like a great present for the small and large science-curious alike, Jo!
- Maxine
Neil: ha... actually (if you'll pardon a brisk walk down Pedantry Lane), I don't find the word "decoded" too objectionable, because to me, it doesn't seem *too* inaccurate a description of the process of converting a DNA molecule into a sequencer trace into a text file (c.f. the concept of "coding" in information theory). Also translation (DNA->aa) can be accurately described as "decoding" in the technical info-theoretic sense (genetic code). The one that gets me is "deciphered". uck.
- Ian Holmes
Where is the genome data available? thanks
- Mike Chelen
Sorry still can't find the data after logging in. The PDF article downloads okay and there is another PDF file in the supplemental info. A link from http://mammoth.psu.edu points to http://schuster-2.bx.psu.edu , is that the best resource to check? Thanks again
- Mike Chelen
Seems to be, having just had a look - you can email the authors at the address given in the Nature paper to check direct with them if you like.
- Maxine
Thanks, the historic genome data will encourage even more interest in the research and add excitement to learning about the methodology :)
- Mike Chelen
Here's a nice paper showing it is possible (statistically, technically, and within IRB regulations) to data mine worth science out of electronic medical records. - http://psb.stanford.edu/psb-onl...
Possible, maybe - but limited by the willingness of hospitals to share.
- Jere
These guys are all about using aggregating publicly available data sets to achieve better results (or new discoveries) than any one of them alone could. Pretty cool stuff. Disclaimer: they're in my department ;-)
- Shirley Wu
nice initial sample size: "Quantitative clinical laboratory data, consisting of 1,104,316 measurements across 656 distinct lab tests. In total, this data represented 4,844 patients across all ages that were diagnosed with one or more of a set of 12 chronic diseases...
- Attila Csordas
"A new study shows that the cancer drugs imatinib (also known as Gleevac by Novartis) and sunitinib (Sutent, made by Pfizer) halt diabetes in mice."
- Maureen
from Bookmarklet
It seems more like prevention to be honest - a stay of execution for the remaining beta cells if the autoimmune problem can be held back, but I'm not sure what it can do once most of the beta cells are destroyed. Of course it might open the way for replenishment (transplantation or recovery of beta cells from precursors)... not sure. Interesting though! (Disclaimer: Just my ideas, not necessarily that of my employer's) :-)
- Jo Brodie
Yes, the claim for "halting diabetes" will have to be examined. It'll be good to see the actual PNAS article...this was a press splash before publication.
- Maureen
I may be being a twit but could you label the axes ;-)
- Cameron Neylon
since Pierre is probably offline by now, the x-axis is time, the y-axis is the size of the article in the Gene Wiki. So, if you drill down to smaller subsets of genes, you can see which Gene Wiki pages are biggest, have been growing the fastest, etc. The big spike in late 2007 is, of course, the main Gene Wiki creation effort itself...
- Andrew Su
aside from from better labeling of axes, any other comments or suggestions before we finalize things? Any preferences between the java app vs. manyeyes option?
- Andrew Su
"Perhaps more importantly, the biotech sector has already adapted to a low-liquidity environment. Financing models for the area were forced to evolve after the technology bubble burst in 2000 and public offerings more or less dried up. Biotech investors and founders are no longer attempting to build the next Amgen or Genentech. Instead, they are building companies to sell, usually hoping big pharmaceutical firms will snap them up. This, says Mott, makes many of today's biotech concerns 'virtual businesses' — they are increasingly outsourcing chemistry and clinical-trials management to places such as India. The deepening economic crisis is likely to accentuate this trend. So it could be good news for Indian scientists who are seeking biotech-related jobs, but it may be less welcome for those in the United States and Europe."
- Attila Csordas
from Bookmarklet
I'm not so sure that the US and Europe, or different parts of Europe can be considered as the same in this respect
- Attila Csordas
It's more complicated, since the whole dynamic of the industry is changing. Biotech companies typically do need more capital to get started then say a web company, with significantly more risk. The thing is many biotechs have never really managed trials themselves (they usually like partnering with pharma for that), and 95% of biotech companies have never made money.
- Deepak Singh
The virtualization of biopharma is a reality though, and likely to get accelerated
- Deepak Singh
Not only the virtualization but also they are starting to hire smaller companies to do their basic research, what in the end also reduces costs.
- pn
"DNA containing somatic mutations is highly tumor specific and thus, in theory, can provide optimum markers. However, the number of circulating mutant gene fragments is small compared to the number of normal circulating DNA fragments, making it difficult to detect and quantify them with the sensitivity required for meaningful clinical use. In this study, we applied a highly sensitive approach to quantify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in 162 plasma samples from 18 subjects undergoing multimodality therapy for colorectal cancer. We found that ctDNA measurements could be used to reliably monitor tumor dynamics in subjects with cancer who were undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. We suggest that this personalized genetic approach could be generally applied to individuals with other types of cancer."
- Attila Csordas
from Bookmarklet
Been hunting locally for students but so far no takers. This project would follow on the Gene Wiki effort, specifically by creating a poster-sized visualization for the growth of the Gene Wiki over time. The project involves using the MediaWiki API, database inserting and querying, and SVG output. Some minimum programming skills are required, but all the specifics could be learned "on the job". I'd estimate 2-4 months work at half-time. Questions/inquiries welcome here or at asu@gnf.org.
- Andrew Su
um, I look at the sequence and count 18–21 bases?
- Richard P Grant
+1 Richard :) I was of the same mind, when I did such things. My favourite student question was "how do I design primers for gene expression?" Answer: you need one at the start and one at the end.
- Neil Saunders
Yep, by hand (hell sometimes on paper!) but then I guess I'm old fashioned. I wasn't even allowed to use PCR until the second year of my PhD and then it took us 12 months to get it working (not quite old enough to have been using multiple water baths thought)
- Cameron Neylon
I find it odd when PhD students come into the office and don't know how to design PCR primers. Don't know what they're teaching them in the lab. I used to design mine all by eye on printouts in my wet days, and it worked just fine. Just point everyone to primer3 now.
- Daniel Swan
I used Primer3 and some obscure Mac System 7 applications. Sometimes it is easy as counting the nucleotides, but if PCR was so simplistic as that science would be much easier.
- pn
I'm partial to WebPrimer: http://seq.yeastgenome.org/cgi-bin... - it's not just for yeast by a long shot. Rather like Cameron, I didn't get to do a PCR until I was a postdoc. :-) But Steven's link looks good; I used to check that I would amplify something on genomic DNA by using http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin...
- Heather
Paulo, it's 2008. PCR, 90% of the time *is* that simplistic. I teach the students I have lab responsibility for to do it by eye, and to BLAST what they get to check for uniqueness. I started off by doing it on the Mac, years and years ago, but haven't used a primer design program since about 1999. And Cameron, it sounds like we started doing PCR about the same time. Worked first time for me, but took about 3 weeks to make the reagents.
- Richard P Grant
Yes, Richard, has been a while that I hadn't been to a lab doing PCR, maybe since 2001 or 2002. But depending on the availability of similar sequences the only way to go is with a program that at least gives you melting temps and some other conditions.
- pn
That's why I like ordering from Sigma—you get a melting temp calculation when you enter the sequences. But I only ever use that to match primers, rather than trying to differentiate between different sets.
- Richard P Grant
my primer and overall DNA experience is rather restricted to human, mouse and rat mitochondrial genome and the circular mtDNA is a different, inclusive world, I did manual design and primer3 too
- Attila Csordas
I've used a couple programs, but unless you're needing primers frequently, Richard's method is probably the best. Check for uniqueness and Tm, then order the two best looking pairs.
- Mr. Gunn
'Richard's method is probably the best'—can I put that on my CV? ;)
- Richard P Grant
I typically use vi and this primer checking tool at IDT (http://www.idtdna.com/analyze...). And WebCutter or ApE just to check my restriction sites are sensible.
- Andrew Perry
@Richard: sure you can, just credit the quote to "some d00d on teh internets" and your credibility is sure to skyrocket. :-)
- Bill Hooker
The unfortunate truth. Getting grants has become an art and almost a full time occupation. The brains of senior scientists are lost into paperwork and time consuming tasks that in the end do little for the advancement of science
- Mounir Errami
Even junior scientists - and I'd say that the stress is even higher for them
- Rajarshi Guha
as clarification, the author was commenting on the encouragement for innovative science (or lack thereof) by the granting agencies, and not directly on the perpetual state of grant writing by many PIs. Clearly both are interesting issues. As a counterpoint to Mounir's point though, I often find that grant writing is *useful* as a reason to step out of the day-to-day management role and think about bigger picture science.
- Andrew Su
Fund raising is all I do. Because of the enormous increase in grant-writing, everything else suffers: mentoring, innovation, experiments, teaching, and discovery. University expectations are still predicated on the formula that PIs cover only 20% of their salaries. Those days are long gone, yet the obligations for teaching and other uncompensated work are increasing. It is all about the money.
- Maureen
Can t agree more, but who is going to bell the cat?
- Aarthy
Strength in numbers would bell the cat....Scientists need a union and a lobby.
- Maureen
Argh, no unions. Where there is a need there is an opportunity. That's what we should be focusing on. Disclaimer: I never think unions are a good idea
- Deepak Singh
I don't see how scientists are going to push back on the system that is happily squishing them, unless they can organize enough to lobby. (What good would a union do? Who'd care if all the scientists in the world went on strike for as long as they could last without salary -- about one pay period in most cases -- or even for a year?)
- Bill Hooker
Scientists are not alone in existing in a system that is happily squishing them (if that is what they think is happening to them), unfortunately.
- Maxine
And we all know how to get rid of oppressive regimes :-)
- Björn Brembs
Not by joining Living Marxism I trust ;-)
- Maxine
Might have to blog on this one, since Australian grant outcomes were just announced. My boss, a successful and respected scientist about as high on the career ladder as you can go uttered the words "it's really just become a lottery" the other day. Not inspiring!
- Neil Saunders
Some of you might be interested in the official Australian outcome statistics: http://www.arc.gov.au/ncgp.... The downward trend in success rates 2005-2009 is especially depressing.
- Neil Saunders
Union/lobby whatever you call it, scientists need to find a voice that the public hears. What if "Joe Scientist" talked about being squished and what that will mean to future cancer patients for example? Maybe I'm too optimistic, but I think the public would care and it would ultimately translate into better funding.
- Maureen
I'm just cranky because I'm gearing up to write grants. Haruuumph.
- Maureen
ah, the sweet smell of barricades burning in the morning :-)
- Björn Brembs
Given that the lottery aspect of grant awarding mechanism seems to have become more palpable over recent years, is anyone here aware of any serious attempts to introduce random measures into the game? That would be fairly cheap and easy to implement, and along with strict rules on abuse of the funding thus provided, could be a way to support big picture science instead of paperwork.
- Daniel Mietchen
FWIW, I have mentioned this idea to a guy from the NSF I know and he vowed to establish a grant lottery.
- Björn Brembs
"Here, we report the assessment of biochemical reactions in an Escherichia coli cell-free platform designed to activate natural metabolism, the Cytomim system. We reveal that central catabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein synthesis can be co-activated in a single reaction system. Never before have these complex systems been shown to be simultaneously activated without living cells. The Cytomim system therefore promises to provide the metabolic foundation for diverse ab initio cell-free synthetic biology projects."
- Attila Csordas
from Bookmarklet
"An integrated cell-free metabolic platform for protein production and synthetic biology Michael C Jewett1,a, Kara A Calhoun1, Alexei Voloshin1, Jessica J Wuu1 & James R Swartz1,2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5025, USA Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5444, USA"
- Maxine
from Bookmarklet
"......central catabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and protein synthesis can be co-activated in a single reaction system. Never before have these complex systems been shown to be simultaneously activated without living cells. The Cytomim system therefore promises to provide the metabolic foundation for diverse ab initio cell-free synthetic biology projects. In addition, we describe...
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- Maxine
Seems a lot like facebook model only for groups working on preclinical drug discovery. You can create groups with "read only," create new molecule records [sd file, mol files, smiles], flexible tags [pubchem CID, hyperlinks]
- Maureen
Me likes that they offer free access to the database for Innocentive solvers...
- Ntino
chemical structure editor, heat map for bioactivity, etc. Looks cool.
- Ricardo Vidal
The excel export is also quite impressive. Wish I was doing drug discovery work. hehe
- Ricardo Vidal
any FF or OWW folks here at the conference? Just noted a poster with Jean Claude Bradley's name. I'm wearing a name tag, all black with a fabulous silver necklace.
- Maureen
Maureen, unfortunately I had to cancel but Barry was good enough to put up my poster. Tony Williams should be there later during the poster session to talk a bit about our project's connection with CDD and ChemSpider
- Jean-Claude Bradley
@JCB, thanks. Will look for Tony and hope to see you at another mtg.
- Maureen
We've posted some falcipain-2 assay results on CDD with a public access in collaboration with the Rosenthal group at UCSF
- Jean-Claude Bradley
I like the focus at this meeting on industry-academic collaboration for drug discovery and that they are using web-based tools for multi-site collaborations.
- Maureen
Has anyone more information posted on this platform/topic? E.g. some case-studies, if this is really usable?
- joergkurtwegner
I'll try and round up a few and post links. Examples at the meeting focused on collaborative screening.
- Maureen
I've been curious as well. I like the concept, but there are so many other challenges here
- Deepak Singh
"Sharing biomedical research and health care data is important but difficult. Recognizing this, many initiatives facilitate, fund, request, or require researchers to share their data. These initiatives address the technical aspects of data sharing, but rarely focus on incentives for key stakeholders. Academic health centers (AHCs) have a critical role in enabling, encouraging, and rewarding data sharing. The leaders of medical schools and academic-affiliated hospitals can play a unique role in supporting this transformation of the research enterprise. We propose that AHCs can and should lead the transition towards a culture of biomedical data sharing".
- Graham Steel
"Whenever a new member joins the site, they are asked to identify themselves by both their department (for example, Computer Science), and then a more narrow field (example: Search Engine Algorithms). From then on, all activity submitted by this user will be added to the feeds of the fields they participate in. The site also allows users to specify certain members using a Twitter-like “Follow” system. Academia’s success will lie in its ability to build a useful news feed revolving around its professional network"
- Attila Csordas
from Bookmarklet
Its kind of cool but I don't really see what it adds to the ecosystem really. If they were prepopulating then I can see it becoming useful but if they are expecting people to add their own details I very much doubt they will get much uptake - there's other commentary at http://friendfeed.com/e... and the link in that item
- Cameron Neylon
"prepopulating" thx for the perfect term Cameron. That could work actually: are people tempted to edit their own Wikipedia entry if somebody else set it up already? Everybody is at least still an expert in 1 thing: his/her own narrative history and biographical details.
- Attila Csordas
Attila - Wikipedia specifically asks people not to edit their own Wikipedia entries.
- Michael Nielsen
Michael, thx, I didn't know that specific policy but obvious enough..for controversial celebrities. What I referred to with 'temptation to edit your own preinstalled profile' is that ordinary scientists probably will contribute to their Academia.edu preprofile if they check it and that's why the 'prepopulating efforts' might be successful.
- Attila Csordas
Flash turns the web into television (Glyn Moody).
- Bill Hooker
@Attila, not sure prepopulated profiles are good protocol. A scientist may not want to be associated with a specific site or service.
- Ricardo Vidal
I think Ricaardo is right about affiliations, the catchword is multiple or the more catchy "interdisciplinary" associations now. But cool project, nomnetheless.
- Aarthy
Absolutely - I do not want to be associated with Thomson ISI and want all of my information taken out right away! Seriously though, if it's publically accessible information then I can't see how they can object - worth putting in a 'this profile automatically generated' banner somewhere though
- Cameron Neylon
Ricardo, make no mistake: I didn't say that academia.edu's prepopulating concept is 'ethical', on the contrary it seems problematic to me too, but I wanted to say that even if it is 'ethical' or not, it seems like a useful business trick to attract people to the site as it could be a good bait for them. We shall see. I am not tempted at all to sign up.
- Attila Csordas
Whether or not it is ethical (prepopulating) it is illegal under terms of data protection legislation, etc. Thankfully. By the way, Noam Chomsky's on there now (academia.edu, that is). And Richard Dawkins
- Maxine
Prepopulating reduces the activation energy of contributing. But if a search hits a prepopulated entry, it should display the minimal details to make it recognizable then allow for a user to claim it as their own. That in itself raises interesting questions of identity verification. It's more like, we know you are out there, and we know some things about you, but we're not saying what until you give us approval.
- Todd Harris
I still don't see how a site could legally prepopulate with someone's details if that person had not indicated willingness to sign up. Chicken and egg?
- Maxine
Sites like this http://www.biomedexperts.com/Profile... have prepopulated with "my" public details/without my consent and though I used to be annoyed, now I just shrug. It will always be out of date but may suffice as a search result for some.
- Heather
It depends on what details they use - I've always been thinking about sites using information from abstracts, which is all I think that BioMedExperts uses, for instance. Technically speaking I guess Medline, Thomson etc are in violation of the UK data protection act. Thinking about it - most journals would be as well for holding email and work addresses. But my view is that if its on a public website it is in the public domain - the question is who allowed it to go on the website in the first place.
- Cameron Neylon
A&I services like Thomson et al. are not in violation because what they are publishing are abstracts (content) of journals. Any site that prepopulates with personal data is in breach of not only UK but international data protection and data privacy legislation - legally, a website is "published" anywhere it can be downloaded or accessed, so you can sue a website from anywhere you can...
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- Maxine
Cameron, it is not correct that journals are in violation. Authors and referees provide data but this data are used only for that one set of transactions (concerning that one mansucript). The data are not used for any other purpose. At nature, you can be an author/referee but if you want to subscribe or register for any content it is an independent technical system (with opt-in and out...
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- Maxine
Hmm not sure how this is going to deal with the ambiguity of Newcastle Univesity, UK and Newcastle University, Australia
- Daniel Swan
Maxine, I was thinking of the address and email that is printed in the journal copy itself. It's a database and its personal information I would have thought (and the reason my laptop has to be encrypted is because I _might_ have email addresses on it!) I don't recall any copyright clearance ever including the standard data protection act boilerplate - or is it isomewhere else? I'd always assumed it was some sort of 'presumed public knowledge' but hadn't really thought about it.
- Cameron Neylon
[...cont] But surely e.g. Thomson with whom I have no contractual arrangment have no right to hold personal informatio on me? Or is that covered somewhere else? As I said none of this really bothers me that much personally (but I never give out my home address) but I wonder where the legalities are actually handled
- Cameron Neylon
The email address in a journal article is on the proof so if an author does not want it there he/she can strike it out so it does not appear in the journal. I was once concerned about spamming, etc, as a result of publishing email addresses but authors strongly like it there, and we (journals) also like it as it is an initial easy contact point for materials requests, "matters arising" etc.
- Maxine
And to the question about A&I services, so far as I am aware these services simply reproduce the abstract, title and author list of the paper itself, which the journal supplies.
- Maxine
Tufte's name pops up here once in a while so I thought I would ask-which of Tufte's ideas do you think are most relevant to biologists? What kinds of graphical depictions (in biology) do you think are the most misleading? How do you think we can better represent specific types of biological data?
I am putting together an informal presentation summarizing Tufte's ideas. The audience is a room of software engineers and computational biologists. I always enjoy hearing people's interpretation of Tufte's work.
- Sutee Dee
I do hope it's not a PowerPoint presentation with bullet points ;-)
- Eric Jain
I will probably use ppt to call out key themes. Definitely no bullet points. It's hard to appreciate a lot of Tufte's figures in digitized form and the audience is fairly small so a lot of the presentation will be me showing figures from his books and passing them around.
- Sutee Dee
Correct me if I'm wrong, but I don't think there's lot of ideas how to apply Tufte's rules to biology. When I compare NYT infographics to finalists in scientific visualization challenges I get impression both images talk to me in completely different languages...
- Pawel Szczesny
Biologists tend to be reluctant to generalize/simplify, and therefore often cram a lot of data into their graphs or tables, which makes Tufte happy... Btw does anyone know of a review-type paper that looks at graphics commonly used in biology?
- Eric Jain
Eric, I've recently found this: Visual software tools for bioinformatics http://dx.doi.org/10... It doesn't necessarily look as what you've described but things like this paper are rarely submitted to journals indexed by PubMed.
- Pawel Szczesny
I like his small multiples concept - rather powerful.
- Chris Cotsapas
My own MO in graphics is to apply Tufte's aesthetics to Cleveland's ideas of data presentation.
- Chris Cotsapas