Alex Sevan

E963EFYNVC2G - Alex Sevan

once calculation was done in England and Ireland, the Romans brought it to the British Isles. Now production is Pearl River in Germany (Bavaria) and the U.S.. The northern and north-western rivers of European Russia, too, especially abounded with pearls Pearl Necklaces. are highly valued since ancient times in Russia, they embroidered women's clothes and hats (sundresses, kokoshniki, etc.), clergy vestments, and sometimes clothing nobles decorated salaries of icons, manuscripts covers religious books, church plate, etc. Especially prized pitched (ie round) of Kafa (the ancient name of Feodosia in Crimea) - great, vely, which were brought back from the East. As a premium was a pearl in ancient Rome. Pliny the Elder (77 AD) put him in the hierarchy of precious stones in second place after diamond and emerald before Pearl Archives. In medieval East, where it is especially prized red stones, the first place, of course, ruby was given, followed by diamonds and (also before the emerald). At... - Alex Sevan

The world's best pink and cream mined in the Gulf, where it grows into a small pearl oyster Pinctada vulgaris. This mollusc is rarely larger than 8 cm in diameter. Pearl, living off the northern coast of Australia, forming a beautiful silvery-white pearls Pearl Necklaces, larger than the Gulf shellfish. Australian pearl oyster Pinctada maxima sometimes reaches a diameter of 30-36 cm core business of pearl divers in Australia - collecting shells on the pearl. Other famous places pearling - Sri Lanka, Venezuela (at its shores have found Columbus), Tahiti, Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar and the Gulf of California in the United States Pearl Archives. Each region is characterized by certain types of (in particular, a specific color). High-quality from the Persian Gulf determines the maximum price level for any natural pearls. - Alex Sevan

Unfortunately, the Pearl is short-lived. After 150-200 years "sick", ie fading and cracking due to drying of conchiolin, losing its luster and iriziruyuschy thus losing the main advantage of a jewelry stone. However, there are gems that have retained their luster and beauty Pearl Necklaces, despite the very advanced age - 300-400 years or more (such were found during archaeological excavations of Pompeii, buried under volcanic ash during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD). Rives Pearl inside the body of the mollusk Pearl Archives. - Alex Sevan

Due to its decorative qualities - a smooth, matte surface, soft iridescent glitter - pearls has long been used in jewelry Pearl Necklaces, often combined with precious stones and metals, for making necklaces, rings, brooches, etc. (in India for many centuries BC . e., in Japan, apparently, with 6. n. e., in Western Europe with 15-16 cc.). In Russia, from 11-12 cc. and especially in the 15-18 centuries. spread out the pearl patterned embroidery on flax, silk, brocade, velvet, used to decorate church utensils, ceremonial royal, seigniorial and folk costume (see the embroidery). pearls fishery continued to decline. To expand tried to extract the Don pearls and pearls East. Since the end. The 19th century. pearls fishing in the Northwest Pearl Archives. Russia is in decline. In the Northwest. Russia is a white, gray, green, brown, black and mixed by pearls White rich shades: pink, gold, blue, silver, gray, sirenevato. pearls White is approx. Quarter of all found gems, silver - approx.... - Alex Sevan

Pearl, the formation of spherical or irregularly shaped, growing in the body of certain mollusks. pearls is of the same material as the shell, - mostly of calcium carbonate. Formed as a result of contact with the wall of the mantle Pearl Necklaces, or between the mantle and shell with a foreign object (sand, parasite, etc.), around which the nacre is deposited. Color pearl white, pink or yellow, sometimes black, sizes - from microscopic to pigeon eggs. Large, well-shaped pearls is highly valued (it is believed that the largest pearl in the 34 car owned by the Spanish King Philip II). pearls mined mainly of pearls, shells which have a beautiful mother of pearl. Extraction of marine pearls is in the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, off the coast of Ceylon, Australia, Japan and Venezuela Pearl Archives. pearls Freshwater has long been mined in Russia, Scotland, Germany, China and North America. - Alex Sevan

The name "Pearl" is derived from the Chinese "Zhen Zhu," being converted through the Old Russian "zenchug." In Russia in 18-19 centuries. Pearl is often called (from him. Perlen and English Pearl Necklaces. Pearl, a derivative of "pearl" - a slightly distorted it. Perlmutter, «mother of pearl"). The form of pearl - round, teardrop or pear often, ellipsoidal or irregular, bizarre ("baroque pearls"). The size of few millimeters to a few centimeters rarely larger Pearl Archives. "Long" Pearl reaches a size greater than 3 mm, "beads" - 3-2 mm, the "pearl dust" - less than 2 mm. The largest pearl found in the Philippines in 1934, had an oval shape, size and weight - Alex Sevan

However, many natural in the section do not show any traces of extraneous stimuli. It is assumed that in such cases the nucleus has been organic in nature Pearl Necklaces, but after the deposition of calcium carbonate decomposed, leaving no trace. The most highly prized sea "oriental" is less valuable - freshwater pearls. In the United States in Iowa has a center of manufacture of pearl buttons on a regular basis in catching r.Missisipi and its tributaries, freshwater bivalve mollusks of the genus Unio. Their shells provide material for buttons. This is a very labor-intensive fishing Pearl Archives. To find the gem that is suitable for sale to discover dozens or hundreds of kilograms of shells. - Alex Sevan

The pearl is built out of several thousand subtle concentric layers of aragonite and conchiolin. peculiar luster, soft shimmering play of rainbow colors on the surface of a pearl, giving it a unique charm Pearl Necklaces, are a special feature of the mature "Orient" or "luster" for which he is in the ground and appreciated. This property is due to its multilayer structure, the phenomena of reflection and refraction, diffraction and interference of light on translucent surfaces pearls. Gloss black pearl - metallic. The hardness of 3.5-4 (the same as that of aragonite). The average density of 2.685 pearls. Natural are formed as a result of accidental ingestion foreign body shell. This may be a tiny grain of sand or a worm, a parasite that penetrates the body shell, causing irritation Pearl Archives. Pearl oyster, unable to get rid of the uninvited guest, enveloped a foreign body pearly substance. Pearl grows from the center to the periphery of the concentric layers sequentially... - Alex Sevan

If the gem does not grow in the mantle of the mollusk, and directly adheres to the inner surface of the shell valves, the site of attachment it does not have a layer of mother of pearl, this pearl is called a "blister" or "bubble Pearl", and less appreciated. In contrast to the round or baroque pearls, which does not require a different treatment than drilling through-holes, blister are usually subjected to processing for inserts into rings, earrings, bracelets and other jewelry Pearl Necklaces. Painting diverse: white, pink, cream, black, bronze, brown or pastel shades of lavender, blue, yellow, green, mauve flowers. In the jewelry trade prefer pink, cream, white and black pearls. It is believed that the pearl borrows its color from the inner layer of nacreous shells Pearl Archives, to be exact - on the site nacreous layer, near which it was formed, ie the color of depends on the type of mollusk host. In addition, the color of affect the temperature and composition of the water, the... - Alex Sevan

Pearls in the words of N. Aristov, was "the most loved and most popular decoration of clothes and costumes of our ancestors ... Pearl Necklaces a large pearl preferred, and in the monuments of antiquity, he distinguished name - great Pearl Archives Our ancestors decorated altars in the churches, the royal doors, icons, crosses, blood vessels ... Gospel, priestly vestments ... "(Industry ancient Russia. S. 162-163). According to the PI Savvaitovu, given to the Russian advantage. - Alex Sevan

In 1894 the Japanese have perfected the art of growing Chinese pearls, having a 700-year history, and started getting cultured pearls Pearl Necklaces research HighPearls Pearl Jewelry. For this purpose in effecting secretory activity (release of calcium carbonate and conchiolin) parenchyma mantle pearl Pinctada martensi introduce artificially carved a small pearl bead. This stimulus is left in the body of the mollusk, which is then returned to the suspension in the Sea of Japan. After 7 years of shellfish are removed from the water, and extracted from him the finished cultured pearl. It has a perfectly round shape. The main part of it (according to the measurements, typically 75-90% of the total linear diameter of the pearl) is mother of pearl bead, around which the pearl nacre is deposited a layer thickness of approx. 1 mm. After drilling the cultured pearl paint, giving it the desired shade, such as pink, imitating the color of "Orient" from the Persian Gulf. Mass production of the... - Alex Sevan

Pearl is mentioned among the other jewels in Job. 28:18, Prov. 3:15, 8:11: 31:10, Heb. "Penin," and this word in the Lamentations. 4:7 the word translated coral. Wisdom in B. Testament likened to pearls, and the kingdom of heaven to the new pearls. Testament likened to (Greek Margarites), Mat. 13: 45 and dal. Cf. Jesus' words: "Do not throw before swine" (Matthew 7:6). The gates of the new Jerusalem that John saw, were of (Revelation 21:21). Paul advises women not to adorn themselves with and precious clothes (1 Tim. 2:9) and in Revelation. 17:4, 18:12,16 pearl ornaments are mentioned among the Babylonian whore. The New Testament word "Margarites", derived from the Sanskrit "mangara", no doubt, represents the precious contents of pearl shell, are extracted in ancient times, as now, the Indian Ocean, particularly near the island of Ceylon Pearl Necklaces research. Shells, which are extracted from the seabed at a depth of 30 m specifically dealing with these divers have the form of... - Alex Sevan

Australian pearl oyster Pinctada maxima sometimes reaches a diameter of 30-36 cm core business of pearl divers in Australia - collecting shells on the pearl pearls. Other famous places pearling - Sri Lanka, Venezuela (at its shores have found Columbus), Tahiti, Mergui Archipelago in Myanmar and the Gulf of California in the United States. Each region is characterized by certain types of (in particular, a specific color). High-quality from the Persian Gulf determines the maximum price level for any natural pearls. once calculation was done in England and Ireland, the Romans brought it to the British Isles. Now production is Pearl River in Germany (Bavaria) and the U.S.. The northern and north-western rivers of European Russia, too, especially abounded with pearls. are highly valued since ancient times in Russia, they embroidered women's clothes and hats (sundresses, kokoshniki, etc.), clergy vestments, and sometimes clothing nobles decorated salaries of icons, manuscripts covers... - Alex Sevan

of exceptional value and excellent quality are great value, so a 126 carat gem was bought for 80,000 ducats, the pearl of great Shah of Persia in the XVII century was estimated at 1.6 million francs. With careless storage (humidity, sweat, heat) may lose its luster pearls pearls and through very long periods, even completely destroyed, as is generally considerable strength. Lost luster is sometimes possible to recover the action of weak acid solutions. pearls found in many shellfish, especially elasmobranch (Lamellibranchiata). The greatest value in this regard are of pearl sea shells (Meleagrina, see), from freshwater pearl barley (Margaritana, see), which serve as the main subject of fishing. In addition, the freshwater mussel species found in pearls of different types of river mussels (Unio) and edentates (Anodonta), from the sea - in shells (Mytilus), such as M. smaragdinus in India, as well as edible clams (M. edulis), y Placuna placenta, Pinna, Pecten, Turbinella, Strombus, and... - Alex Sevan

However, there are gems that have retained their luster and beauty, despite the very advanced age - 300-400 years or more (such were found during archaeological excavations of Pompeii pearls , buried under volcanic ash during the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD). Cultured pearls. In 1894 the Japanese have perfected the art of growing Chinese pearls, having a 700-year history, and started getting cultured pearls. For this purpose in effecting secretory activity (release of calcium carbonate and conchiolin) parenchyma mantle pearl Pinctada martensi introduce artificially carved a small pearl bead. This stimulus is left in the body of the mollusk, which is then returned to the suspension in the Sea of Japan. After 7 years of shellfish are removed from the water, and extracted from him the finished cultured pearl. It has a perfectly round shape. The main part of it (according to the measurements, typically 75-90% of the total linear diameter of the pearl Pearl Necklaces research) is mother... - Alex Sevan

PEARL, organogenic limestone concretions formed in culture pearls the body of some marine and freshwater bivalve mollusks - pearls are traditionally refers to precious stones. They are products of an abnormal growth of the mollusk's mantle. are composed of calcium carbonate - a mineral aragonite, in exceptional cases - calcite, and they must contain the conchiolin - organic matter such as protein. The cells form the skeleton of a pearl conchiolin - a fine grid, in which small cells (not discernible to the naked eye), microscopic crystals of aragonite precipitated. Average chemical composition of pearls: CaCO3 - 91,72%, conchiolin - 5.94%, Water - 2.23% loss on ignition 0.11%. - Alex Sevan

The hardness of 3.5-4 (the same as that of aragonite). The average density of 2.685 pearls. Natural are formed as a result of accidental ingestion foreign body shell. This may be a tiny grain of sand or a worm, a parasite that penetrates the body shell, causing irritation pearls. Pearl oyster, unable to get rid of the uninvited guest, enveloped a foreign body pearly substance. Pearl grows from the center to the periphery of the concentric layers sequentially deposited around a central core. However, many natural in the section do not show any traces of extraneous stimuli. It is assumed that in such cases the nucleus has been organic in nature, but after the deposition of calcium carbonate decomposed, leaving no trace. The most highly prized sea "oriental" is less valuable - freshwater pearls Pearl Necklaces research. In the United States in Iowa has a center of manufacture of pearl buttons on a regular basis in catching r.Missisipi and its tributaries, freshwater bivalve mollusks of... - Alex Sevan

Perlmutter, "the mother of pearls". The form of pearl - round, teardrop or pear often pearls, ellipsoidal or irregular, bizarre "baroque pearls". The size of few millimeters to a few centimeters rarely larger. "Long" reaches the size of for more than 3 mm, the "beads" - 3-2 mm, the "pearl dust" - less than 2 mm. The largest pearl found in the Philippines in 1934, had an oval shape, the dimensions of 24 × 16 cm and a weight of 6.4 kg Pearl Necklaces research. If the gem does not grow in the mantle of the mollusk, and directly adheres to the inner surface of the shell valves, the site of attachment it does not have a layer of mother of pearl, this pearl is called a "blister" or "bubble pearls", and less appreciated. In contrast to the round or baroque pearls, which does not require a different treatment than drilling through-holes, blister are usually subjected to processing for inserts into rings, earrings, bracelets and other jewelry. Painting diverse: white, pink, cream, black,... - Alex Sevan

PEARL organogenic limestone concretions formed in the body of some marine and freshwater bivalve mollusksPearl Necklaces research pearls. are traditionally refers to precious stones. They are products of an abnormal growth of the mollusk's mantle. are composed of calcium carbonate - a mineral aragonite, in exceptional cases - calcite, and they must contain the conchiolin - organic matter such as protein. The cells form the skeleton of a pearl conchiolin - a fine grid, in which small cells (not discernible to the naked eye), microscopic crystals of aragonite precipitated. Average chemical composition of pearls: CaCO3 - 91,72%, conchiolin - 5.94%, Water - 2.23% loss on ignition 0.11%. The name "Pearl" is derived from the Chinese "Zhen Zhu," being converted through the Old Russian "zemchug." In Russia in 18-19 centuries. Pearl is often called (from him. Pearlen and English. Pearl, a derivative of "pearl" - a slightly distorted it. - Alex Sevan

Russian rivers are varied shapes and colors. In Russia, in the form of division of pearls came into practice since the 16th century. The correct spherical pearls with a thick layer of white pearl and silver are called http://button-pearls.highpearls.com/. "Pitched", "okatnym", pp. residents called it "skaten." Round the size of a pea called. "Kargopolochkami" and weighing less than 0.25 grain - "family." Round neokatanny pearls called. "Ryzhik". Large (over 6 mm) oval called "cucumbers." pearls called the wrong. "Urodovaty", "ugolchaty," "horned." pearls The division on the "big", "medium" and "small" was keV. in Russia since the 17th century. Particularly large pearls called "cherries". - Alex Sevan

pearls of obtaining freshwater mussels produced in Scotland, Wales, Ireland, Saxony, Bohemia, Bavaria, Canada, in the northern and north-western parts of European Russia pearls, in Eastern Siberia (in the tributaries of the Amur River), in Japan and China, but pearls found in freshwater shells of many other countries. The main subject is fishing or pearl barley pearls source (Margaritana margaritifera), widespread in northern and central Europe and in Canada, particularly in clean streams and rivers flowing through rocky (not lime) channel. In Japan, pearls obtained from one species edentates (Anodonta japonica), China and the Amur River from Anodonta plicata Pearl Necklaces research. In Europe, this fishery reached a considerable size before, so, in 1865 in Scotland was produced by pearls at least 12,000 pounds sterling. A significant catch was made in Germany. We pearl barley is found in rivers of the provinces of Arkhangelsk, Olonets, Vyborg, Novgorod, in Estonia and Livonia, also... - Alex Sevan

By Pelli in 1863 at the Bahrain boat and hunted in 1500 were caught in the pearls 400 000 pounds. Fishing is the same as in India, except sharks, divers threatened sawfish. Since the time of the Ptolemies was made by pearls fishing off the coast of the Red Sea, especially near Jeddah and Koseyra and now it is small, but it turns out quite a lot of nacre. Beautiful pearls obtained Zulu Archipelago to the north-east of Borneo, a lot can also be obtained about pearls Aru Islands to the south-west of New Guinea pearls. In addition, fishing is from the Philippine Islands, Labuan, Timor, New Caledonia, the islands of the Association, Seafarers, Lowland (Lov Arch.), Gambar. Significant fishing on the west coast of Central America, especially in the Gulf of Kalifornskom less in Panama: caught Meleagrina californica, fishing lasts four months, made at a depth of 40 feet and produces about 8 tons of shells a day Pearl Necklaces research. pearls is also caught in Guayaquil. At the time of... - Alex Sevan

Sea fishing pearls manufactured in ancient times mainly in India and the Persian Gulf, it is now pearls, except for the coast of Asia, is also off the coast of Africa, Australia, America and many Pacific islands. In India, fishing is about Ceylon (mostly about Arippu on the west coast, in the 16-20 nautical miles from shore, as well as in the Gulf of Tambalagam near Trincomalee), on the Madras side Manaarskogo Bay from Tuticorin and Kurrachi near Bombay. Fishing is carefully regulated British Inspectorate. Usually the fishing begins on the second (or first) week of March and lasts 4-6 weeks. On each boat is 10 divers, working in pairs: one long dive and collect shells, the other pulls him and collected the prey, then they switch roles. To lower the bottom is a large stone tied to a rope. - Alex Sevan

Fishers dive naked, wearing only a belt and grabbing a bag for shells. Length of stay under the water normally 45-50 seconds, in exceptional cases 60, 70, even 90 seconds, the higher figures (especially more than 2 minutes) are doubtful pearls. The health of this work is devastating effect. Fishing continues from sunrise until noon. Hunters are in danger from sharks, but, however, accidents are infrequent, one quarter of shells collected by divers is the reward. Shells are sold at auction on the beach with 1000 for the release of pearls leaves to rot. Dex reached a rather high dimensions before, but now has fallen dramatically, in 1797 and 1798. pearls sourced in the Ceylon catches were estimated at 123,982 and 142,780 pounds, and now it does not exceed 87,000 pounds, a in 1874 was even equal to only 7200 pounds. In general, fishing is subject to great fluctuations, and in 1888 at the Bank of Cheval Par 2 months killing all pearl Pearl Necklaces research, whose number is determined,... - Alex Sevan

The decline of the fishery in Western Europe led to experiments artificial production of Pearls Since it is part of the formation by parasites (eg, Atax ypsilophorus of water mites), just part of the bodies of strangers, then resorted to the respective methods pearls, which, however, have not given until a satisfactory results. In 1761 Linnaeus proposed that the Swedish government secret artificially induce the formation of Pearls and then sold it for 500 ducats merchant Bagge, the method of Linnaeus remained unknown. pearls Artificial receive has been known since ancient times in China, this fishery is already two thousand years about Te tzinga where they are about 5000 people. In Anodonta plicata shell between the door and put the mantle of pearl beads Pearl Necklaces research, molds made of metal (often images of Buddha in a sitting position) and then put the shell on the depth of 2-5 feet. Forms are covered with pearl deposits and are attached to the shell. If the form was metal,... - Alex Sevan

PEARL - one of the favorite ornaments in Russia. Precious. freshwater pearls hunted for a long time in the rivers of Russia pearls. By 6. include dock. information about mining in Lake Jean. Ilmen and located near the rivers; concentration. The 16th century. date information on mining in the waters of pearls Dvina. In the 15-16 centuries. pearls mined in rivers Keretskoy par., In the district of Kem. In the 16-17 centuries. in great demand in Russia used from pearls p. Varzuga on the Kola Peninsula (Varzuzhskaya par. Paid tithes of pearl collection, to-ing went to the Patriarchal treasury and used to decorate churches. Utensils) from reservoirs Valdai RETURN., The Baltic States. The fishery was conducted by pearls nearly 80 rivers in private and no one was controlled. In the 1st floor. The 18th century. on the initiative of Peter I made for the expansion of fishing pearls in Russia Pearl Necklaces research. Berg established the oversight board of fishing and demanded that the governor... - Alex Sevan

Pearls may lie freely or be attached to the sink, the latter valued much lower because of separation from the shells of them remains place. New layers of nacre are deposited on the inner surface of the shell can sometimes stick to her original loose pearl, and even quite cover it pearls, with a cutting nacre able to extract from him the beautiful pearl. Strongly influenced by the price of its shape J.; right most valued spherical pearls, then pear-shaped and oval, much less wrong. Sometimes the gems reach an extremely large quantities in the Kensington Museum has a collection of Pearl Beresford Hope, a circle is equal to 41/2 inches, and weighs 18,000 grand prize. J. Small is sold by weight, and taking into account the quality and how much it is per ounce, even small price of an ounce J. 150 rubles. Major J. is sold by the piece, the weight is determined by the carat (= 4 grains). Pearl of good quality Pearl Necklaces research weighing 1 carat is worth about 50 francs, the price of... - Alex Sevan

represents the matter in the sediments of pearl shells of various marine and freshwater mollusks pearls around foreign bodies that serve as a source of irritation for the body of the mollusk. The cause of education can serve as a grain of sand J., a fragment of the shell is damaged it, the parasite, or left by the shell, even the shells of diatoms, in short, all kinds of inorganic and organic particles, trapped between the mantle and shell. Then the origin of pearls can be seen by dissolving the mineral constituents of the acid or sawing it. The pearl is made up of concentric layers of organic material impregnated with mineral salts, the game is its color is caused by interference of light due to the wavy surface of the nacreous layers. The best pearls have their own color, but can occur yellow, pink, reddish, greenish, brownish, grayish, black, etc. In Europe the highest valued J. pure white in the east - yellow, colored pearls generally cheaper, although at times and there is strong... - Alex Sevan

Pearls (Prov. VIII, 11, XXXI, 10, Mt. VII, 6, I Tim. II, 9) is the product of pearl mussels or sea shells Pearl Necklaces research produced in ancient times in the Indian Ocean, Red Sea, and especially in the Gulf. In the Priest. Scripture, the kingdom of Christ is likened to a precious pearl, which buys the merchant who sold everything he had (Matt. XIII, 46). Glorious state of the saints in heaven as depicted in the guise of 12 gates, each composed of a single precious pearl (Rev. XXI, 21). The Lord Jesus Christ forbids his disciples to cast pearls before swine, that is, to enter into the debate about the sacred truths of the Gospel with people stubborn, unbelieving and blasphemous. Pearl jewelry since ancient times until now usually extracted and mined in the Gulf, and they have since ancient times, as now, especially loved to adorn themselves with Oriental rulers and sovereigns, as well as women (I Tim. II, 9 Revelation. The eighteenth century, 16). Modest shiny pearls and simple... - Alex Sevan