Kashif Qamar

The trick with the using the Hardy-Weinberg equation is that if you follow the equation in steps i.e. working out allele frequency first and than determining whether there is a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by performing the chi-squared test, it becomes very easy. - Kashif Qamar

Notes from #BS1011 actually help me with some of the mathematical problems in this genetics tutorial for example the chi-squared test. - Kashif Qamar

I feel like I'm missing out here - what are you doing that I'm not? - Alex G. Sarov

Staying up late and lots of alcohol does not help my figure! Fruit, berries and nuts, I've found help to shit lots of weight! - Chandni Sthanakiya

That explains IT ALL!! - Alex G. Sarov

This is in the lecture notes about gram negative bacteria.... anyone knows what does CBH stands for...?? plz - Kashif Qamar

CBH: http://ff.im/ivgiH - Dr Alan Cann

thnks - Kashif Qamar

Electromyography (EMG) is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle cells when these cells are electrically or neurologically activated. The signals can be analyzed to detect medical abnormalities, activation level, recruitment order or to analyze the biomechanics of human or animal movement. - Kashif Qamar

I agree... i was particularly interested and astonished as to how small the difference between and impulse going straight to a muscle compared to that of an impulse which go through the CNS first!! very fascinating how quickly these impulses travel through are nerves.. also shows just how important they are in preventing us for damaging ourselves.. eg. casuing us to pull away quickly from a harmful stimulus.. and just how bad it would be to have an autoimmune neuronal condition.. eg. Alzheimers or MS. - Neel

Found this very interesting animation demonstrating the method of performing a southern blot, followed by autoradiography.... - Kashif Qamar

This was a useful website and alot of the information here was helpful for our scientific report - ameera laher

This is brilliant ... really helped understand the difficult concepts from the lecture. I think more lecturers should do similar kind of audio pod-casts - Kashif Qamar

Oh thanks for that, I found that the lecture slides were very basic and a lot of the content was discussed. This method works for me because I am forced to pay attention. However I ran out of space on the hand out sheet! - Chandni Sthanakiya

btw I really do like the look of the 'only for the biochemist' module in the third year of medical biochemistry ... - Kashif Qamar

I lovee physiology too :D :P - Madiha Butt

The team found alginate - a fibre found in sea kelp - reduces the body's fat uptake by more than 75%. That is better than most anti-obesity treatments. - Kashif Qamar

you got to be careful with these researches though because they are not person specific .... i.e. only special kind of seaweeds can be used .... and side effects unknown ! - Kashif Qamar

I believe friendfeed has been a valuable resource for like-minds (us) to come together and share information with our fellow peers. It is a academic resource that is going to be utilised by me throughout my career. Friendfeed has helped me a lot to understand important topics by using links posted by other people. The comments section has enabled me to ask questions and help other people with problems. Friendfeed is a unique foundation for students from our degree streams to interact with peers and tutors, in a professional manner. For me it has partially replaced the previous emailing system as any one subscribed to me can respond to my queries and vice versa. The involvement of tutors like Dr Cann, Dr Willmott etc has been beneficial in last minute help with assignments through direct messages. - Kashif Qamar

[continued .... :) ] .... As we all know that this semester has involved a lot a group work, for instance the poster presentations. Friend feed has allowed groups and team members to interact and communicate with each other in a more convenient manner. In addition to this, the 'like' tab has enabled people to appreciate fellow peers work and therefore raising morale. One of the best... more... - Kashif Qamar

Mephedrone is a stimulant and entactogen drug of the amphetamine and cathinone chemical classes. It is usually a white or yellowish powder, which is snorted, but it can also be obtained in pills and capsules. It is marketed as a plant food. - Kashif Qamar

This just highlights the fact that appropriate regulation for drugs is so important to prevent misuse. - Kashif Qamar

A 10-year-old British boy has become the first child to undergo a windpipe transplant with an organ crafted from his own stem cells. It is amazing to know how quickly science is progressing. Hopefully using stem cells to generate more specialised cells could help treat and cure many disease for instance Alzhiemer's disease. - Kashif Qamar

Renal physiology encompasses all functions of the kidney, including reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, and other small molecules; regulation of sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; regulation of fluid balance and blood pressure; maintenance of acid-base balance; and the production of various hormones including erythropoietin and vitamin D. The site has a good animation of the kidney illustrating the different exchanges of compounds taking place at different locations in the nephron. - Kashif Qamar

I thought this was very helpful and quite clear, it can definately be used to help notes with our physiology lectures - ameera laher

Nice one! This "bad boy's" gonna get bookmarked! - Thanks it's really helpful! - Akash Jangan

True, and we got time to drift amongst oursevles, chatting about each other's work! - Jennifer Kwan

Good to see the other posters especially the ones doing the same topic and comparing the type of information they have added. - Kashif Qamar

I thought this poster presentation has been the best assesment so far! i really enjoyed presenting the information and thought it was a enjoyable and different to all our previous tasks - ameera laher

This websites goes through the lecture we had with Dr. Norman. It highlights the different definitions we need to know i.e. affinity, efficancy, potency etc. There is also alot of information about first and zero order drug kinetics. - Kashif Qamar

Thank you :) - Madiha Butt

A really interesting webstite Kashif. thanks for posting it, i'll definately be using it to help me with revision - ameera laher

I thoroughly enjoyed this morning #MB1004 lecture. It was disturbing to find out how potentially lethal warfarin could be as it has such a small therapeutic concentration range as well as its ability to interfere with other medications. Despite the many side effects caused by warfarin, it is still widely used as a treatment for Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT). - Kashif Qamar

Yes, and the most unfortunate side of it is that a lot of people especially the elderly need warfarin, and the effects of the drug present a very dangerous risk factor when considerations need to be made on carrying out surgery. - Jennifer Kwan

This is an excellent book resource I have found. This website gives a detailed information about the autonomic nerves system as covered in the physiology lectures. We know that autonomic nervous system (ANS or visceral nervous system) is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system functioning largely below the level of consciousness, and controls visceral functions. The ANS affects heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal. Whereas most of its actions are involuntary, some, such as breathing, work in tandem with the conscious mind. - Kashif Qamar

I have also attached a copy of table summarising the main differences between the two subdivisions of ANS: Parasympathetic NS and Sympathetic NS. This is the summary Dr. Grubb mentioned at the end of this morning's lecture. - Kashif Qamar

This videos illustrates the process of synapses and how GPCR is used for signal transduction. The video is narrated so explains all the processes clearly. It highlights the use of GPCR in the production of cAMP which can than be used by the cell for other mediatory process. A stimulus can lead to activation of adenylyl cyclase enzymes. The Adenylyl cyclase is a 12-transmembrane glucoprotein that catalyzes ATP to form cAMP with the help of cofactor Mg2+ or Mn2+. The cAMP produced is a second messenger in cellular metabolism and is an allosteric activator to Protein kinase A. - Kashif Qamar

Yeah cheers for this Kashif, the lecture went a bit too fast in places for me so this cleared things up. - Matthew Helliwell

Reading at other people feeds about having trouble calculating degrees of freedom I found this presentation that might help. This goes through the entire process of calculating chi-square test. - Kashif Qamar

I just posted something on my wall about this as well! - Chandni Sthanakiya

A recent study has revealed that a method which "washes out" the brains of premature babies, who are severely ill, might just be the best survival aid for such infants. It has been revealed that bleeding in the brain is one of the most common and feared complications for babies who are born premature, as it can lead to severe brain damage or even death. - Kashif Qamar

This is an interesting video which shows what gives an electrocardiogram its distinctive pattern. ECG (electrocardiogram) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart. The heart is a muscular organ that beats in rhythm to pump the blood through the body. The signals that make the heart's muscle fibres contract come from the sinoatrial node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. In an ECG test, the electrical impulses made while the heart is beating are recorded and usually shown on a piece of paper. This is known as an electrocardiogram, and records any problems with the heart's rhythm, and the conduction of the heart beat through the heart which may be affected by underlying heart disease. - Kashif Qamar

The cornerstone of most molecular biology technologies is the gene. To facilitate the study of genes, they can be isolated and amplified. One method of isolation and amplification of a gene of interest is to clone the gene by inserting it into another DNA molecule that serves as a vehicle or vector that can be replicated in living cells. When these two DNAs of different origin are combined, the result is a recombinant DNA molecule. This DNA recombinant technology is used extensively to treat disease e.g. diabetes. Insulin is synthesised through this cDNA process. - Kashif Qamar

This is an interesting article on "The neuronal noradrenaline transporter, anxiety and cardiovascular disease". Reuptake of noradrenaline into sympathetic nerves after its release terminates the neural signal. An abnormality in neuronal noradrenaline reuptake would cause an increment in the concentrations of the sympathetic neurotransmitter in the synaptic space. These high concentration of neuronal traffic in the syanopse for instance can cause arrhythmia development in the heart ! - Kashif Qamar

Vilayanur Ramachandran tells us what brain damage can reveal about the connection between celebral tissue and the mind, using three startling delusions as examples. Very interesting video .... worth to be watched if you are interested in medicine ! - Kashif Qamar

buba-kiki vs perception - Kashif Qamar

#MB1031 - The one-to-one meeting with the tutor was very helpful. Basically the introduction should include what is the experiment about and why you did it?, the method should describe how you did the experiment, the results shows what you found out from the experiment and lastly the decision section describes what are you going to do next?. Keeping this basic structure in mind should help us in the assessed scientific report. - Kashif Qamar

huh !! - Kashif Qamar

Take a break! - Jalal Freedom

Now for three presentations -_- - Mohammad Hamdan

Lets crack on then !!! - Kashif Qamar

The picture I think is so basic but yet very informative. It illustrates the main ways of maintaining calcium concentration in the cell. For more info visit: http://fog.ccsf.cc.ca.us/~mmalac... - Kashif Qamar

The major transporters of calcium include: Calcium induced calcium channel, calcium ATPase, Sodium calcium exchanger, SARCA etc. - Kashif Qamar

This is an interesting article on the transport of calcium ions in the human body. This is related to Friday's tutorial session and provide in depth background information about calcium. The article is more medical based and talks about the affect of varying calcium concentration on the body. Worth a read !! - Kashif Qamar

For instance the fusion of human liver cell nucleus into rate muscle cell and observing human muscle proteins produces is an ingenious way to define the fact that transformation factors present in the cytoplasm of the rat muscle cell can affect transcription of human muscle proteins from human liver cells. { The simple point being all cells have the same genome, but expression of different bits of the genomes in different cells gives the cells its phenotypic characteristics ..... i,e, GENE --> Protein --> Cell behaviour } - Kashif Qamar

This site is related to experiment 4 for 'genes and medicine'. It explains in details how restriction enzymes may be used to obtain structural information on a piece of DNA. This is needed to answer one of the questions in the report. - Kashif Qamar

The site also goes through the process of electrophoresis we carried out today to identify the different sized fragments produced through the nuclease activity of the restriction enzymes. - Kashif Qamar