"The objective of this wide-ranging European-level inquiry, jointly undertaken by BEREC and the Commission, is to get a view of traffic management and potential restrictions to access, content or applications, in particular to gain some insights into their variety and relative importance. Indeed, they are done for a variety of purposes, and at the same time take different forms, e.g. remain purely contractual or are technically enforced. The scope of the inquiry was, in this respect, deliberately wide. The questionnaire sent to the operators throughout Europe particularly intended to understand the variety in terms of objectives of measures, for instance by including practices aimed at preserving network security and integrity and measures required by legal order. It also covered the setting of data caps, and the potential impact of some specialized services implemented alongside the Internet access service. All these situations stem from very different business objectives or constraints. For instance, in many cases, traffic management practices serve as an effective mean to provide quality services to end users. In this respect, the term “traffic management” was used with a broad meaning in the explanatory documents of the questionnaire. Instructions to respondents typically referred to traffic management practices, which are commonly understood as all technical means used to process through the network traffic sent or received by end users, including both application-specific and application-agnostic traffic management. These instructions also specified that the investigation covered all measures pursuing similar objectives, including through contractual terms that are not necessarily enforced technically. This “results snapshot” will attempt to represent this variety, for instance by summarising the results on “differentiation practices” (i.e. deviations from the “best effort” approach), which are the most relevant with respect to the net neutrality debate." - Miguel Caetano from Bookmarklet